INTRODUCTION:
The purpose of the book is to give an orientation and share Knowledge with readers and others interested in the different topics that chemistry offers.
As you will see, I have tried to explain and descarnate the statements that seem already established and solid. So, by assimilating the different sections you will understand my point of view and then you can share it or not (but I will have already fulfilled my goal). If any section does not seem clear to you, there is always the option of continuing to read and understand later; many chapters are interconnected
Something from the book may seem obvious to you but to reach such a conclusion, many experiments or observations have been made, of which I only mention.
Finally I give thanks to the different professors and doctors who taught me in this difficult discipline and they took my eyes to continue investigating on my own; As a result of this I present this copy.
Jordi Alemany Sabater
Degree in Chemistry for to the UdG (1991-1996).
You can download the chapters by clicking on the title of the chapter that interests you:
INDEX:
CHAPTER 1 – STRUCTURE OF THE MATTER
Law of the conservation of the mass
Law of the ctnt conposition
Law of multiple proportions
Law of combination weights
Law of combination volumes
Centenimal composition
Molecular composition
CHAPTER 2 – SUBJECT MATTER
Solid state
Liquid state
Gaseous state
Amalgam
CHAPTER 3 – CALCULATION OF THE MASS IN QCA.
CALCULATION OF LA MASSA
Mass spectrometer
Spectrum
Intensity of the spectral line
Accuracy
Average isotope and isotope pattern
Thompson
Millikan and Stokes
Gases and stoichiometry
Uma’s
CALCULATION OF NUMBER LEVEL I CONSTANT OF FARADAY
No. Lawyer
No. Faraday
CHAPTER 4 –THE ATOMIC THEORY
Dalton
Rutheford
Bohr
Electro-static force and centrifugal force
PI and V.
CHAPTER 5 – ATOMIC STRUCTURE
ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND QUANTHIC I
No.’s quantum and atomic representation
Representation of atomic levels
ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND QUANTHIC II
Quantization
No. of internal quantum
Stern- Gerlach
Schrödinger equation
Rule of Hund
“TOM”.
CHAPTER 6 – CHEMICAL LINK
CICLE DE BORN- HABER PIV
Af.electronics
Electronegativity
U 0
Periodic table
Liaison force
Alkaline and alkaline earth
Halogens
Endothermic and exothermic reaction
TOM (EORY OF MOLECULAR ORBITALS ) AND TEV (THE THEORY OF THE LINK OF VALENCIA).
Wave functions applied to the theory of links
Polarity and mixing coil
linking and anti-linking
Symmetry and overlap
Normalization factors
Interpenetration
Hybrids
Aufbau
VSEPR
Energy of change
Link order
Principle of exclusion of Pauli
REFERENCE TO CHEMICAL LINK
Lewis structure
Covalent bond
Valence layer
Octet
Formal charge
Additional stability
Resonance
Hyperconjugation
Non-binding electronic pairs
CHAPTER 7 – THE KINETIC THEORY OF THE MATTER
Gases
Solids
Liquids
Boyle’s Law
CHAPTER 8 – NUCLEAR LINK
DUALITY ONA- CORPUSCLE
De Broglie
Einstein
Heisenberg’s principle of uncertainty
and electron photon collision
NUCLEAR LINK THEORY I NUCLEAR ENERGY
Nuclear reaction
Power of attraction of the nucleon
Relationship too much energy
Interconnected particles
Ratio E / A
Fluctuation and stability.
CHAPTER 9 – FUNCTION OF GOOD AND SIGNIFICANT OF PROBABILITY
Apantallament
Repulsió electró- electró
Càrrega nuclear efectiva
Coordenades polars i cartesianes
Estats degenerats
Aproximacions
Probabilitat
Quantització
Característica d’ona i de partícula
Equació d’Schrödinger
Forma de l’orbital tridimensional
Radi probable i radi promig
CHAPTER 10 – CHEMICAL BALANCE
SPEED OF REACTIONS
Speed
Speed equation
Elemental reactions and reactions complexes (order of reaction)
Simple reactions
Complex reactions
Calculation of concentrations (EEE, Reaction of Lindermann, not determinant)
Chain reactions (initiation,
propagation, termination)
Polymer reactions
TREATMENT FOR REACTIONS COMPLEXES
CATALYSIS AND BALANCES; SPEED
REACTION
BALANCING
Gibbs Energy
Entropy
Internal energy and value
Compression and expansion
CATALYSIS AND ENZIMS
Enzymes and degree of selectivity
Dipolysis interactions,
Van der Waals, Hydrogen Bridges, ionic links
CHAPTER 11 – INTERACTION RADIATION- MATTER
Change of light energy to chemical energy
Light
Black body
Planck, Raileigh- Jeans, Wein,
Stefan- Boltzmann
Rutheford
Photoelectric effect
Electromagnetism
CHAPTER 12 – DISSOLUtIONS
TREATMENT OF DISSOLUTIONS ACTIVITIES …
Henry’s Law
Law of Raoult
Ideal and non-ideal dissolutions
Composition and molar fraction
Deviations + i –
Dalton’s Law
Azeotrop
Activity
Solute-solute interactions
Standard or hypothetical state
BOILING POINT AND DE
FREEZING
Boiling point of pure solvent K e
Steam pressure
VAPOR PRESSURES
Atmospheric pressure
Surface tension
Boyle’s law and kinetic theory
Alcohol
CHAPTER 13 -HEAT AND TEMPERATURE
Heat capacity
Specific heat
Conduction radiation and convexion
Internal energy
Dilatation, fusion, volatilization and decomposition
Heat and temperature
Thermal balance and osmosis
CHAPTER 14 – THERMODYNAMIC
FREE GIBBS ENERGY
Gibbs free energy
G, H, E, U.
Balancing constants
PRINCIPLES OF THERMODYNAMICS
1 was a law of thermodynamics
Carnot’s cycle
Second law of thermodynamics wave (perpetual motion of the first and second wave was class
3rd law of thermodynamics (entropy) interpretation of Entropia
Succession of equilibrium states
Sedimentation
DIFFERENT WAYS OF DEFINING
ENERGY
TEMPERATURE AND WORK
External work and internal work
Reversibility and irreversibility
W (work).
CHAPTER 15 – ZEOLITES
Alluminosilicate compounds
Size cavities
Hydrophobic Zeolites
Dehydrating and absorbent agents
Co-ordination number
Effective opening
Selective zeolites
CHAPTER 16 – TYPE OF SOLIDS
Ionic crystals
Molecular crystals (VdW forces, polarity, intermolecular forces)
O covalent network oids (cell unit)
C metallic stalks
Bragg diffraction equation (networks or
Networks, interplanet distance, dispersion of
RX, intensity and distribution)
Type of packing
Coordination no
Crystalline system
Conductors or semiconductors, insulators and superconductors
Intrinsic and extrinsic driving
Bands theory
Donors and acceptors
Resistivity
CHAPTER 17 – ACIDS AND BASES
pH
Sörensen
Neutral dissolution, acid dissolution, basic dissolution
Arrenhius
Reactions of precipitation
Solubility
Dissolutions of acids and weak bases
Dissolutions of acids and strong bases
Cushioning solvents
Salt of acids and weak bases
Indicators
CHAPTER 18 – ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
ESTEREOCHEMISTRY
Stereoisomers
Enantiomers
Diastereomers
Specular images
Types of organic reactions (Sn1,
Sn2, E1, E2)
Optical chirality
Configuration investment
Steric impairment
Alquens
Transposition
Markovnikov
AROMATIC CHEMISTRY
Aromatic compounds
Law of Hückel
Detachment and relocation
Kekulé
CHAPTER 19 – DEGREES OF FREEDOM
Translation
Rotation
Vibration
Linear or nonlinear molecule
The 3 directions
Monoatomic molecules i
polyatomic
Raman vibration spectrum
Vibrational modus
CHAPTER 20 – RADIOACTIVITY
Fission
Chain reaction
Nuclear power plant
Natural and artificial radioactivity
Radioactive series
Moderators
Absorbent
CHAPTER 21 – NOMENCLATURE
QCA NOMENCLATURE. ORG
Functional groups
Hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkanes, alkynes)
Cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons
Halogenated derivatives
Éters
Amines
Alcohols
Ketones
Aldehids
Carboxylic acids
Sals of acids and acid esters
Amides
QCA NOMENCLATURE. INORG.
Binary compounds:
element + oxygen
element + hydrogen
element + element (salts)
Ternary Compounds:
acids and peroxides
Values of metals, not metals
Formulation
Nomenclature (IUPAC, Stock,
Traditional)
CHAPTER 22 – REACTIONS OF TRANSFERENCE OF ELECTRONICS
RED-OX REACTIONS
Standard potential
Voltage
Spontaneous work
Sign agreement
Oxidation and Reduction
Galvanic cells and cells
electrolytic
Equation of Nernst
Semireactions
Cathodode and Anode
POTENTIAL AND BATTERIES
Difference between number of moles
Equalization of reactions (method of nº
Oxidation and method of ion-electron)
CHAPTER 23 – STRENGTHS AND DYNAMIC ENERGY FROM LOADING
Force of gravitational attraction
Electromagnetic force
Strong nuclear energy
Weak nuclear power
Elecostatic force
Kinetic energy
Gravitational energy
Electrostatic energy
Nuclear energy
Elastic energy
Electro-static
Coriolis force
Electric field lines
CHAPTER 24 – YOUNG, BRAGG, R-X
Young Grids (interference constructive and destructive)
Interference diagram
Diffraction of Bragg
Magnitudes
RX and fluorescence
CHAPTER 25 – OTHER CHEMICAL PHENOMENAS
OTHER CHEMICAL PHENOMENA I
Alcohol
Intestines
Sweat
Needles
Ferments
Respiration
Krebbs cycle
OTHER CHEMICAL PHENOMENOS II
Batiscaf
Heat and sweat
Fats
Cooking
Hypotension and hypertension
Photosynthesis
Management and prevention of risks i
waste
OTHER CHEMICAL PHENOMENOS III
Source of land resources
(raw materials and alternative energies)
Gel density
Gaseous drinks
OTHER CHEMICAL PHENOMENOS IV
Hemoglobin
OTHER CHEMICAL PHENOMENAS V
Antimatter
Disturbances and transmission of noise
or data
Generic drugs
Pyramid
Fluorescents and phosphorescent tubes
Date from C 14
Industrial management
Radicals
Black holes and horizon
of events
OTHER CHEMICAL PHENOMENA VI
Glucose
Energy thieves
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids,
nucleic acids
Penicillin
Ferments
Fruits
Cell membranes
Micelles
OTHER CHEMICAL PHENOMENA VII
Atmosphere
Ozone layer
Acid rain
Greenhouse effect